What is Ureteroscopy?

Ureteroscopy is a medical procedure used to diagnose and treat conditions affecting the urinary tract, specifically the ureters and kidneys. This minimally invasive technique involves using a small camera-equipped ureteroscope to visualise, diagnose, and manage abnormalities directly within the ureters and kidneys. This article will explore what ureteroscopy involves, its applications, benefits, and what patients can expect during and after the procedure.

Understanding Ureteroscopy

Ureteroscopy is an essential tool in urology, primarily used for diagnosing and treating stones and tumors in the urinary tract. The procedure involves inserting a ureteroscope through the urethra and urinary bladder into the ureters—the tubes that connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder. Modern ureteroscopes are thin and flexible, which allows for better access and less discomfort during the procedure.

Applications of Ureteroscopy

The primary application of ureteroscopy is the treatment of kidney stones and ureteral stones. It allows the physician to directly observe stones, assess their size and composition, and treat them effectively, often without requiring more invasive surgery. Ureteroscopy can also be used to:

Evaluate and treat tumors within the ureters or kidneys.

Diagnose unexplained bleeding in the urinary system.

Remove foreign bodies that may have become lodged in the urinary tract.

Treat strictures (narrowing of the ureter) by inserting stents or performing balloon dilation.

What to Expect During a Ureteroscopy

The procedure is typically performed under general anesthesia or spinal or epidural anesthesia, ensuring that the patient is comfortable and pain-free throughout. Here’s what typically happens during a ureteroscopy:

Preparation: Patients are usually asked to undergo a fasting period prior to the procedure. Antibiotics may be administered preoperatively to prevent infection.

Procedure: The ureteroscope is gently advanced through the urethra and bladder into the ureters. Once the target site is reached, the physician can use laser technology or a small basket to capture and remove stones.

Post-Procedure: After the procedure, patients may experience mild discomfort or pain, often described as a burning sensation during urination. Pain medication and instructions for post-procedure care will be provided.

Recovery and Aftercare

Recovery from ureteroscopy is generally quick, with many patients able to return to normal activities within a few days. Following the doctor’s instructions regarding hydration, diet, and medication is important. Monitoring for any signs of infection or complications, such as fever or severe pain, is crucial.

Ureteroscopy is a valuable procedure in urology, offering a minimally invasive option for diagnosing and treating various urinary tract conditions. Its ability to provide direct visualisation and immediate treatment of stones and other abnormalities makes it a preferred choice for patients and urologists. If you are experiencing symptoms that suggest urinary tract issues, consult a healthcare provider to see if ureteroscopy could be an appropriate treatment option.