Written By: Dr. Katherine Cheng
Uterine fibroids (子宮肌瘤), also known as leiomyomas, are common non-cancerous growths that develop in the muscular wall of the uterus. While most women aren't aware they have fibroids because they often cause no symptoms, their effects can range from mild to severe, depending on the number, size, and type of fibroids. In this blog, we will delve into the details of fibroids, who can get them, how they develop, the different types, and available treatments.
Fibroids are benign tumours that originate from smooth muscle cells within the uterus. They can vary in size, grow very large, and can occur in different places in the uterus. While fibroids are not associated with an increased risk of uterine cancer, they can cause several health problems, including heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, and, in some cases, fertility issues. In extreme cases, some fibroids grow large enough to fill the stomach or pelvis area.
Fibroids are most common in women of reproductive age, especially those between 30 and 40. However, they can occur at any age. Certain factors can increase a woman's risk of developing fibroids, such as family history, ethnicity (with African women at higher risk), obesity, and early onset of menstruation. These factors combined with hormonal imbalances can contribute to the development of fibroids.
The exact cause of fibroid development is unclear, but research and clinical experience point to several factors. Genetics plays a role, as the condition often runs in families. Hormones, specifically estrogen and progesterone, which support pregnancy, also promote the growth of fibroids. Additionally, growth factors and tissue injury can influence fibroid development. It's also important to note that fibroids tend to shrink after menopause when hormone production decreases.
Uterine fibroids can vary significantly in how they affect women. While some women may not experience any symptoms, others may have symptoms that disrupt daily life. The fibroids' type, size, number, and location all contribute to the intensity of these symptoms.
Common Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids:
Heavy Menstrual Bleeding (Menorrhagia): One of the most common symptoms of uterine fibroids is abnormally heavy or prolonged menstrual periods. Some women may need to change their sanitary products every hour, and the heavy flow can last longer than a normal period (usually 2 to 7 days).
Pelvic Pain or Pressure: As fibroids grow, they can put pressure on surrounding organs, causing a sensation of heaviness or fullness in the pelvic area. Larger fibroids can lead to severe pain and discomfort.
Frequent Urination: Fibroids that press on the bladder can increase the frequency of urination and even make it difficult to empty the bladder fully.
Constipation or Bloating: When fibroids press on the rectum, they can cause difficulty with bowel movements, leading to constipation and bloating.
Painful Intercourse (Dyspareunia): Depending on the size and location of fibroids, some women may experience pain during sexual intercourse, particularly if fibroids are located in the lower part of the uterus.
Lower Back Pain: Large fibroids can cause pressure on the muscles and nerves of the lower back, leading to discomfort or pain that radiates down the back and legs.
Enlarged Abdomen: In cases where fibroids grow significantly, they can cause visible abdominal swelling, often mistaken for weight gain or pregnancy.
Anaemia: Due to heavy menstrual bleeding, women with fibroids can develop anaemia (low red blood cell count), which can result in pale or sallow skin, easy fatigability, weakness, and shortness of breath.
It’s important to note that while these symptoms are common with fibroids, not every woman will experience them. If you are experiencing any of the above symptoms, it is crucial to consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Fibroids are classified by their location in the uterus. Intramural fibroids, the most common type, develop within the uterine wall. Subserosal fibroids grow on the outer wall of the uterus, while submucosal fibroids grow just beneath the uterine lining and into the uterine cavity. Pedunculated fibroids develop a stem, a slender base that supports the tumor.
Uterine fibroids are diagnosed through a series of tests and procedures which may include:
Fibroids can range from as small as a seed to as large as a melon. The potential risks associated with fibroids depend largely on their size and location within the uterus.
Small Fibroids (<5 cm):
Medium Fibroids (5-10 cm):
Large Fibroids (>10 cm):
Treatment for fibroids depends on the severity of your symptoms, the fibroids' size and location, and whether you're pregnant or planning to conceive. If you are relatively asymptomatic and the size of fibroids is small, you can regularly monitor fibroids' growth. Medication could sometimes relieve symptoms of heavy menstrual flow. Non-surgical procedures such as Uterine Artery Embolisation and high-intensity focused ultrasound are the treatment options.
Surgical options include myomectomy, which removes the fibroids and hysterectomy, which removes the uterus. Hysterectomy is usually the last resort and is only considered when other treatments have failed or if the fibroids are huge.
What naturally kills fibroids? Natural remedies to maintain a healthy weight and a balanced diet can also help manage symptoms of fibroids. Some research suggests that green tea may help reduce the size and number of fibroids, but more research is needed to confirm these findings.
Uterine fibroid is common during reproductive years. Although they can cause discomfort and complications, there are several treatment options available, ranging from medication to surgery. If you suspect you have fibroids or are experiencing symptoms, it's essential to seek medical attention promptly.
At OT&P Healthcare, we provide a comprehensive range of services to help manage and treat fibroids and other women's health issues. Our team of dedicated professionals is committed to providing the highest quality care to all our patients. Schedule an appointment with a doctor if you have concerns about fibroids or other women's health issues. We're here to help you navigate your health journey and provide the best possible care.