Augmentin

Overview

What is Augmentin? 

Augmentin is a combination antibiotic consisting of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, which work together to treat bacterial infections. Amoxicillin belongs to the penicillin group of antibiotics and is effective against many bacteria. Clavulanic acid, on the other hand, prevents bacteria from breaking down amoxicillin, thus enhancing its efficacy. 

Ingredients and Composition 

Augmentin's primary components are: 

• Amoxicillin: A penicillin antibiotic. 
• Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactamase inhibitor. 

Chemical Structure and Production 

Augmentin's chemical structure is designed to resist the action of beta-lactamase enzymes produced by some bacteria. It is synthesized through a precise pharmaceutical process ensuring the stability of both active ingredients. 

Global Name

• Generic Name: Amoxicillin/Clavulanate Potassium 
• Brand Names: Augmentin, Clavamox, Curam, and others. 

Usage

What is Augmentin Used For?

Augmentin is prescribed to treat infections caused by bacteria, such as: 

• Respiratory tract infections (e.g., pneumonia, bronchitis) 
• Urinary tract infections 
• Skin and soft tissue infections 
• Sinusitis 
• Otitis media (middle ear infection) 

How do you use Augmentin? 

Availability  

It is typically available in several forms, including tablets, chewable tablets, and suspensions for oral administration. 

Dosage Information 

The dosage of Augmentin can vary depending on the severity of the infection, the type of infection being treated, and patient-specific factors like age and renal function. Here are general guidelines for Augmentin dosages:  

Adults and Children Weighing 40 kg or More: 

• The typical dose for mild to moderate infections is one 500 mg tablet every 12 hours or one 250 mg tablet every 8 hours. 
• For more severe infections, the dose can be one 875 mg tablet every 12 hours or one 500 mg tablet every 8 hours. 

Children Weighing Less Than 40 kg: 

• Augmentin doses for children are calculated based on body weight, typically at 20 to 40 mg of amoxicillin per kilogram of body weight, divided into two or three doses throughout the day. 
• The exact dose and frequency depend on the severity of the infection. 

Infants Aged 2 Months and Younger: 

• The recommended dose is 30 mg of amoxicillin per kilogram of body weight per day, divided into two doses. 

Duration of Treatment: 

• The duration of treatment with Augmentin typically ranges from 5 to 14 days. 
• The full course of antibiotics should be completed, even if symptoms improve before the medication is finished, to ensure the complete eradication of the bacteria and to prevent the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. 
• Always consult a healthcare provider for the most appropriate dosage and duration of treatment for your specific condition. 

Who Can Take Augmentin? 

• Suitable for children, adults, and the elderly with proper dosage adjustments. 
• During Pregnancy: Augmentin is classified as a Category B drug by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use during pregnancy. While Category B drugs are generally considered safe to use during pregnancy, they should be prescribed only when clearly needed and the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks. 
• During Lactation: Augmentin is generally considered safe for use by lactating women. Pregnant or lactating women must consult their healthcare provider before taking any medication, including Augmentin. 

Contraindications 

• People with a history of severe allergic reactions to penicillins or cephalosporins. 
• Patients with liver dysfunction or jaundice related to Augmentin usage. 

Allergies 

• Not suitable for individuals allergic to penicillin or beta-lactam antibiotics. 

Warnings and Precautions 

• Take with meals to reduce gastrointestinal upset. 

• Maintain hydration to reduce the risk of crystalluria. 

Interactions and Contraindications 

• May interact with anticoagulants, methotrexate, and allopurinol. 
• Contraindicated in patients with a previous history of amoxicillin-clavulanate-associated cholestatic jaundice/hepatic dysfunction. 

Side Effects

Common side effects include gastrointestinal issues, such as diarrhoea, nausea, and vomiting. Less frequently, skin rash, itching, and candidiasis may occur. 
Note: Seek medical attention if severe side effects are experienced. 

Pharmacist Tips

Storage Information 

• For tablet 
• Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat. 
• Some brands come with aluminium packaging. Use within 14 days after opening (varies from brand). 
• For oral suspension. 
• Unconstituted powder store at room temperature.  
• Reconstituted suspension shall be kept in fridge, and discard after 7 days of reconstitution (varies from brands). 

Handling Instructions 

• Shake the oral suspension well before each use. 
• Measure liquid medicine accurately with the provided dosing syringe or a dose-measuring device. 

• It can be taken with or without food. Some gastrointestinal issues can be alleviated if antibiotics are taken after food. 
• Avoid probiotic two hours before or after ingestion of antibiotic. 

Availability

Where is Augmentin available in Hong Kong?

Augmentin is a prescription medication that can be prescribed by healthcare providers.

FAQs

What are the most common side effects of Augmentin?

The most common side effects of Augmentin, an antibiotic containing amoxicillin and clavulanate, include diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, and skin rash.

How long does it take for Augmentin to work?

It typically starts working within a few days, but completing the full course as prescribed is essential.

Can Augmentin cause yeast infections?

Yes, as with many antibiotics, there is a risk of secondary yeast infections.

Should Augmentin be taken with food?

Yes, taking it with food can reduce stomach upset.

What should I do if I miss a dose of Augmentin?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember, but skip it if it's almost time for the next scheduled dose.