Adenovirus Infection: Differences between Adults and Children

Adenovirus (腺病毒) is a common virus affecting individuals of all ages, but it is especially prevalent among children. This virus can cause various illnesses, from mild respiratory infections and colds to severe pneumonia, with symptoms varying across different age groups. This article will delve into the basics of adenovirus, its symptoms, treatment options, and preventive measures. 

What is Adenovirus?

Adenoviruses (ADV) are a group of non-enveloped DNA viruses that can infect humans and some animals. They are primarily transmitted through respiratory secretions, droplets, direct contact, and contaminated food or water consumption. Adenoviruses can survive in the environment for extended periods and resist many disinfectants. 

Can Adults Get Infected with Adenovirus?

Adenoviruses can infect not only children but also adults. Both adults and children can acquire the infection through airborne droplets, direct contact with an infected person, or by touching contaminated objects.  

Symptoms of Adenovirus Infection in Adults and Children

The range of symptoms caused by adenovirus infections can vary from mild cold-like symptoms to severe pneumonia. Specific symptoms include:  

Adenovirus in Children:  

• Fever (A higher-than-usual temperature and a longer duration) 

• Sore throat  

• Otitis media 

• Conjunctivitis (Pink eye)  

• Cough, Runny nose  

• Acute gastroenteritis (Inflammation of the stomach or intestines leading to diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, and stomach pain)  

• Acute bronchitis/ bronchiolitis  

• Nausea and vomiting  

• In some cases, adenovirus may also lead to severe respiratory infections or pneumonia 

• Starting from October 2021, in some areas such as the United Kingdom and the United States, it has been found that adenovirus may cause hepatitis 

Adenovirus in Adults: 

• Persistent fever 
• Cough, which may be dry or produce phlegm 
• Sore throat 
• Headache 
• Extreme fatigue 
• Adults may also experience conjunctivitis 

How Long Does It Take to Recover from An Adenovirus Infection?

Treatment Options for Adenovirus Infection

Currently, there are no specific antiviral drugs or vaccines against adenoviruses for the general public; treatment is primarily symptomatic, including:  

• Adequate rest: Rest is key to recovery.  

• Hydration: Ensuring sufficient fluid intake, especially if experiencing fever, diarrhea, or vomiting.  

• Fever and pain relievers: Medications like paracetamol can be used to manage fever and pain.  

• Balanced nutrition: A balanced diet helps to boost the immune system.  

• For patients with weakened immune systems or severe infections, antiviral therapy or immunoglobulin therapy is sometimes considered. 

• The vaccines against adenovirus types 4 and 7 are used by the U.S. military but are not yet widely available to the public. 

How to Prevent Adenovirus Infection?

Measures to prevent adenovirus infection include:  

• Frequent handwashing: Wash hands with soap and water, especially after coming home, before eating, and after using the toilet.  

• Avoid contact with infected individuals: Avoid close contact with infected persons, including kissing, hugging, or sharing utensils.  

• Maintain environmental hygiene: Regularly use diluted bleach to clean and disinfect frequently touched objects and surfaces.  

• Use personal items independently: Do not share personal items like towels or toothbrushes.  

Dr. Chantel Ng reminds us that alcohol disinfection is ineffective against adenovirus. If a family member is infected with adenovirus, diluted bleach is recommended to disinfect household items. 

Although adenovirus infections are more common in children, adults are also at risk. Understanding the symptoms and preventive measures can help us better protect ourselves and our families from the spread of the virus. If symptoms are severe or persistent, it is important to seek medical advice promptly. If you have any concerns about adenovirus, do not hesitate to consult our doctor. 

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