Heat Stroke

Causes

• Exposure to high temperatures: Spending time in hot and humid environments, especially without adequate hydration, can increase the risk of heat stroke
• Exertion in hot weather: Engaging in physical activity, such as exercise or manual labour, in hot weather can cause the body to overheat and increase the risk of heat stroke
• Certain medications: Certain medications, such as diuretics and antihistamines, can make the body more susceptible to heat stroke
• Health conditions: Certain health conditions, such as heart disease, diabetes, and obesity, can increase the risk of heat stroke
• Age and gender: Older adults and women are more susceptible to heat stroke due to changes in their bodies' ability to regulate temperature
• Cultural factors: Some cultural practices, such as wearing heavy clothing or head coverings, can increase the risk of heat stroke in certain populations

Symptoms

• High body temperature (above 40°C (104.0 °F))
• Rapid heartbeat
• Rapid breathing
• Headache
• Dizziness or confusion
• Nausea or vomiting
• Weakness or fatigue
• Muscle cramps or spasms
• Seizures
• Loss of consciousness

Treatments

• Moving to a cooler environment: If possible, move to an air-conditioned or shaded area
• Removing excess clothing: Remove unnecessary clothing to allow heat to escape from the body
• Drink cool water or other fluids to replenish lost fluids for rehydration
• Cooling the body by applying cold, wet towels or taking a cool bath to lower the body's temperature
• Fan the person or spray them with cool water
• Place ice packs or cool towels on the person's neck, armpits, and groin
• Call for emergency medical assistance immediately

Prevention Tips

• Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids, especially water and sports drinks that contain electrolytes, to help replace the fluids lost through sweating
• Dress appropriately: Wear lightweight, light-coloured, and loose-fitting clothing that allows air to circulate
• Stay in a cool environment: Seek out air-conditioned spaces or use fans to keep cool. If you don't have access to air conditioning, take cool showers or baths, or use wet towels to cool down
• Bring an umbrella: Always bring an umbrella with UV protection to shield and avoid direct exposure to the sunlight
• Limit outdoor activities: Avoid spending too much time outside during the hottest part of the day, typically from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.
• Take breaks: Take frequent breaks in a cool, shaded area if you must be outside for extended periods.
• Be mindful of medications: Certain diuretics and antihistamines can increase your risk of heat stroke. Consult your doctor to see if any medications affect your heat tolerance
• Beware of the heat stroke risks: Certain people have a higher risk of having heat stroke