What is CPR?

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a critical emergency procedure that combines chest compressions, often with artificial ventilation, to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person in cardiac arrest. Understanding CPR, its application, and how it can be a vital skill in saving lives is essential for everyone, not just healthcare professionals. 

The Basics of CPR   

CPR is designed to support and maintain breathing and circulation in a person who went into sudden cardiac arrest. The technique is straightforward but requires proper training to perform effectively. The basic steps include: 

1. Assessing the Scene: Ensure the environment is safe for the rescuer and the victim. 
2. Checking Responsiveness: Gently tap the victim and shout to ensure they are unresponsive. 
3. Calling for Help: Dial emergency services immediately or instruct someone else to make the call. 
4. Performing Chest Compressions: Place in adults, clasp hands one on top of the other placing the heel of the hand in the depression in the middle of the chest (the breastbone/plate) and push hard and fast. 
5. Airway and Breathing: If trained, provide two (2) rescue breaths after every 30 compressions. 
6. Re-assessment: Done after 5 cycles (~2 minutes) of compressions and rescue breaths to check for pulse and spontaneous breathing. 

These steps can vary slightly depending on the person's age, such as in infants or children, where the technique and force will differ. 

CPR and AED: A Life-Saving Duo 

An Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is often used in conjunction with CPR. The AED is a portable device that checks the heart rhythm and can send an electric shock to the heart to try to restore a normal rhythm. Locations including airports, schools, and malls typically have AEDs available. When combined, CPR and AED significantly enhance the chances of survival after cardiac arrest. 

The Importance of CPR Training  

Proper CPR training is essential because incorrect CPR can do more harm than good. Training provides the skills and confidence needed to perform CPR effectively. Courses are available through many hospitals, community centers, and national organisations like the American Heart Association and the Hong Kong Red Cross. These courses often cover First-Aid, CPR and AED use, preparing individuals to handle most scenarios where CPR might be necessary. 

CPR Success Rates  

The success rate of CPR can vary depending on several factors, including how quickly CPR is started, the underlying cause of the cardiac arrest, and whether an AED is used. Statistics show that CPR can double or triple a person's chance of survival, especially if performed within the first few minutes of cardiac arrest. 

Getting Involved in CPR Training  

Learning CPR is a proactive step towards becoming a lifesaver. Here's how you can get involved: 

• Find a Course: Look for CPR classes in your community or online certified by reputable health organisations. 

• Practice Regularly: CPR skills can degrade over time without practice. Regular refresher courses are encouraged. 

• Spread Awareness: Encourage family and friends to learn CPR and AED. The more people know how to perform CPR, the safer our communities can be. 

CPR is a powerful tool everyone should have in their first aid arsenal. It's not just a procedure; it's a responsibility that could mean the difference between life and death. Whether you're a parent, a teacher, or a bystander, knowing CPR can empower you to save lives when every second counts.